n of four B vitamins in a vegetable soup matrix in under 20 min. This method has shown excellent linearity, intra- and inter-day reproducibility and is directly applicable to other plant-based food matrices.Heavy metal-containing wastewater can be treated by adsorption technology to obtain ultra-low concentration or high-quality treated effluent. Due to the constraints of the specific surface area, surface electrical structure and spatial effect of conventional adsorbents, it is often difficult to obtain adsorbents within high adsorption capacity. Graphene has characteristics of large specific surface area, small particle size, and high adsorption efficiency. It is considered as one of the research hotspots in recent years. However, despite graphene's unique properties, graphene-based adsorbents still have some drawbacks, i.e. graphene nanosheets are easier to be stacked with each other via π-π stacking and van der Waals interactions, which affect the site exposure, impede the rapid mass transport and limit its adsorption performance. Special strategy is needed to overcome its drawbacks. This work summarizes recent literatures on utilization of three strategies-surface functionalization regulation, morphology and structure control and material composite, to improve the adsorption properties of graphene-based adsorbent towards heavy metal removal. A brief summary, perspective on strategies to improving adsorption properties of graphene-based materials for heavy metal adsorption are also presented. Certainly, this review will be useful for designing and manufacturing of graphene-based nanomaterials for water treatment.The two-stage partial nitrification (PN)-Anammox process, during long term treatment of high-ammonia nitrogen leachate, faces challenges such as the adaptation of nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) and failure of real-time control of pH. Resultant instabilities including NH4+-N and NO3--N accumulation were overcome by culturing sludge fermentation liquid (SFL)-driven partial denitrification (PD) in situ in the Anammox process. Biodegradation of slowly biodegradable organics (SBO) in SFL created organics restriction condition, which limited the activity of denitrification bacteria and achieved its balance with Anammox bacteria. Produced NO3--N is reduced to NO2--N through PD, which further improved the removal of NH4+-N through Anammox. NO2--N was utilized timely by Anammox bacteria, which avoid further reduction of NO2--N to N2, and result in a high nitrate to nitrite transformation ratio (NTR) of 93.3%. Satisfactory nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) and nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 99.6% and 822.0 ± 9.0 g N/(m3?d) were obtained, respectively. Key genera related to degradation of SBO, PD and Anammox were enriched. The value of narG/(nirK+nirS) increased from 0.05 on day 1-0.15 on day 250. Combining SFL-driven PD with two-stage Anammox process provided a novel insight for applying this process to realize advanced nitrogen removal in practical engineering.Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via H2O2 activation is of vital importance in catalytic environmental chemistry, especially in degradation of organic pollutants. A new mixed niobium-cerium oxide (NbCeOx) was tailored for this purpose. A thorough structural and chemical characterization of NbCeOx along with CeO2 and Nb2O5 reference materials was carried out using TEM/STEM/EDS, SEM, XRD, XPS, EPR, UV-vis and N2 physisorption. The ability of the catalysts to activate H2O2 towards ROS formation was assessed on the basis of EPR and Raman measurements. Catalytic activity of the oxides was evaluated in degradation of methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant. Very high activity of NbCeOx was attributed to the mixed redox-acidic nature of its surface, which originated from the synergy between Nb and Ce species. These two properties (redox activity and acidity) ensured convenient conditions for efficient activation of H2O2 and degradation of MB. The activity of NbCeOx in MB degradation was found 3 times higher than that of the commercial Nb2O5 CBMM catalyst and 240 times higher than that of CeO2. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bb-94.html The mechanism of the degradation reaction was found to be an adsorption-triggered process initiated by hydroxyl radicals, generated on the surface via the transformation of O2-?/O22-.Mine-polluted wastewater with mercury (Hg) poses severe environmental pollution since Hg(II) can be converted to highly neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) under anaerobic conditions. Previous studies on Hg methylation have focused on aquatic sediments, but few have investigated the MeHg formation in water layers containing algae. In this study, we investigated the dynamic effect of algae on Hg methylation throughout the lifetime of algae. We found that Chlorella pyrenoidosa was a non-methylating alga and exhibited good tolerance to Hg stress (1-20 μg/L); thus Hg(II) could not inhibit the process of eutrophication. However, the presence of C. pyrenoidosa significantly enhanced the Hg methylation by Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA. Compared to the control sample without algae, the MeHg production rate of algae-bacteria samples remarkably exacerbated by 62.3-188.3% with the algal growth period at cell densities of 1.5 × 106-25 × 106 cells/mL. The increase of algal organic matter and thiols with the algal growth period resulted in the exacerbation of MeHg production. The Hg methylation was also enhanced with the presence of dead algae, of which the enhancement was ~62.4% lower than that with the presence of live algae. Accordingly, the potential mechanism of Hg methylation in a freshwater algae-bacteria symbiotic system throughout the algal lifetime was proposed.We use molecular dynamic simulations to study the structural properties of deprotonated cyclohexanoic acid (DCHA) and heptanoic acid (DHA) immersed in water in pristine and hydroxylated carbon nanopores (PACNs and HACNs) in relation to NA removal by activated carbons (ACs). In PACNs, both NAs can aggregate on the pore surface by depleting water molecules, while water molecules accumulate in the area where there is no NA aggregation. The hydrophobic tails of NAs are generally in the interface water region (IWR), while the hydrophilic head groups prefer to be hydrated by water and form pairing with Na+ ions outside the IWR. The linear carbon tails of DHA tend to be parallel to the pore surface, while a slightly inclined configuration of the carbon ring in DCHA is observed. In HACNs, water forms a predominant interface layer by forming hydrogen bonding with -OH groups, while the hydrophobic tails of NAs are driven away from the surface. Both NAs have a more perpendicular orientation close to the pore surface with their hydrophilic head groups forming hydrogen bonding with -OH groups.